71.100.40 (Surface active agents) 标准查询与下载

ASTM D5343-97 陶磁面砖清洁器的清洗性能评估的标准指南

1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the cleaning performance of products intended for use on ceramic tiles. This guide provides techniques for soiling, cleaning, and evaluating performance of detergent systems under controlled, but practical, hard-surface cleaning conditions. Note 1-The soils described in this guide are known in the industry as "soap scum." 1.2 Such systems include any detergent, cleaner, or abrasive cleanser intended for cleaning hard surfaces composed of ceramic tile. This guide is not appropriate for evaluating performance on grout. This guide also excludes other surfaces such as glass, resilient flooring, synthetic countertop surfaces or washable wall surfaces. The products for which this guide is intended include solutions of soluble powdered detergent, dilutions of concentrated liquid detergent, or products intended to be used full strength, for example, foams, sprays, liquid, powders, or paste. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Guide for Evaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners

ASTM E1883-97 用多盆洗涤技术评定抗菌手洗物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers determining the effectiveness of an antibacterial handwash for reducing the level of aerobic bacterial flora on the hands, following an extended period of use. 1.2 A knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures. 1.3 In this test method metric units are used for all applications, except for distance. In this case, inches are used and metric units follow in parentheses. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Assessment of an Antibacterial Handwash Product by Multiple Basin Wash Technique

ASTM D4266-96(2009)e1 粉状离子交换树脂预涂覆能力的标准试验方法

The salt removal capacity of a powdered resin precoat is limited by the capacity of either the anion-exchange resin or the cation-exchange resin contained in it. Applications include condensate polishing in fossil-fueled electric generating plants, as well as condensate polishing, spent fuel pool water treatment, reactor water treatment, and low-level radioactive liquid waste treatment in nuclear-powered electric generating plants. By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin (capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions), it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks, these test methods are useful for determining operating capacities as measured under the test conditions used. These test methods may be used to monitor the performance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin depends primarily upon the number density of ion-exchange sites within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form when received, and properties of the resin and the system that affect ion exchange kinetics.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation-exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion-exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. The following two test methods are included: Sections Test Method A—Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange Resin, Hydroxide Form7 to 15 Test Method B—Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange Resin, Hydrogen Form16 to 24 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins

ASTM G122-96(2002) 评定清洗剂效果的标准试验方法

The purpose of this test method is to define a procedure for evaluating the capability of cleaning agents to clean metallic coupons. Based on the outcome of the testing, suitable cleaning agents may be selected for cleaning in general and for oxygen service in particular. The cleaning parameters can be changed and the test method can be repeated. The usual cleaning parameters include cleaning agent concentration, temperature, and time; type and strength of ultrasonic energy or agitation, if used, and others. Note 18212;Usual cleaning parameters are based on the manufacturerrsquo;recommendations.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the capability of cleaning agents and processes to remove contamination to the desired level.1.2 The test coupons provide a relatively rough surface to which contamination can easily adhere.1.3 The capability of a particular cleaning agent depends upon the method by which it is used and the characteristics of the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and production process.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 2.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents

ASTM D4266-96(2001) 粉状离子交换树脂预涂覆能力的标准试验方法

The salt removal capacity of a powdered resin precoat is limited by the capacity of either the anion-exchange resin or the cation-exchange resin contained in it. Applications include condensate polishing in fossil-fueled electric generating plants, as well as condensate polishing, spent fuel pool water treatment, reactor water treatment, and low-level radioactive liquid waste treatment in nuclear-powered electric generating plants. By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin (capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions), it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks, these test methods are useful for determining operating capacities as measured under the test conditions used. These test methods may be used to monitor the performance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin depends primarily upon the number density of ion-exchange sites within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form when received, and properties of the resin and the system that affect ion exchange kinetics.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation-exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion-exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. The following two test methods are included: SectionsTest Method A-Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange Resin, Hydroxide Form7-15 Test Method B-Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange Resin, Hydrogen Form16-24 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins

ASTM D4266-96(2007) 粉状离子交换树脂预涂覆能力的标准试验方法

The salt removal capacity of a powdered resin precoat is limited by the capacity of either the anion-exchange resin or the cation-exchange resin contained in it. Applications include condensate polishing in fossil-fueled electric generating plants, as well as condensate polishing, spent fuel pool water treatment, reactor water treatment, and low-level radioactive liquid waste treatment in nuclear-powered electric generating plants. By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin (capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions), it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks, these test methods are useful for determining operating capacities as measured under the test conditions used. These test methods may be used to monitor the performance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin depends primarily upon the number density of ion-exchange sites within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form when received, and properties of the resin and the system that affect ion exchange kinetics.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation-exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion-exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. The following two test methods are included: Sections Test Method A—Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange Resin, Hydroxide Form7 to 15 Test Method B—Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange Resin, Hydrogen Form16 to 24 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Methods for Precoat Capacity of Powdered Ion-Exchange Resins

ASTM G122-96(2008) 评定清洗剂效果的标准试验方法

The purpose of this test method is to define a procedure for evaluating the capability of cleaning agents to clean metallic coupons. Based on the outcome of the testing, suitable cleaning agents may be selected for cleaning in general and for oxygen service in particular. The cleaning parameters can be changed and the test method can be repeated. The usual cleaning parameters include cleaning agent concentration, temperature, and time; type and strength of ultrasonic energy or agitation, if used, and others. Note 18212;Usual cleaning parameters are based on the manufacturer's recommendations.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the capability of cleaning agents and processes to remove contamination to the desired level. 1.2 The test coupons provide a relatively rough surface to which contamination can easily adhere. 1.3 The capability of a particular cleaning agent depends upon the method by which it is used and the characteristics of the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and production process. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 2.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents

ASTM D2959-95(2009) 聚羟乙基化表面活性剂中乙烯化氧含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene oxide in polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants. It can also be used for compounds containing propylene oxide or any compounds (glycols and glycol and polyglycol ethers and esters) which form unstable 1,2-diiodides on reaction with hydriodic acid. Note 18212;Compounds in which the oxyalkylene group is connected to a nitrogen cannot be entirely decomposed. This can be used to determine the percent of an ethoxylated surfactant in a mixture, if the ethylene oxide content of the ethoxylated surfactant is known. Note 28212;This method reports results as percent ethylene oxide. If this method is applied to unknown compounds or compositions, the analyst should be aware of the possible presence of material other than ethylene oxide. Note 38212;For use on built syndet compositions the organic active ingredient must be isolated in accordance with Test Method D2358. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants

ASTM D5558-95(2006) 测定脂肪和油碱化值的标准试验方法

This test method is intended for use in the determination of the saponification value of fats and oils used in the manufacture of fat liquors for the purpose of quality assurance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the saponification value of fats and oils. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Determination of the Saponification Value of Fats and Oils

ASTM D1570-95(2003) 脂肪烷基硫酸盐的取样与化学分析的标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates.1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:SectionsSampling:Powders and Flakes Packed in Cans or Cartons4Powders and Flakes in Bulk5Liquids6Pastes7Preparation of Sample8Moisture by the Distillation Test Method11-14pH15Alkalinity16-19Alcohol-Soluble Matter20-22Alcohol-Insoluble Matter23 and 24Unsulfated Material25-28Combined Alcohols29-32Ester SO3:Method A. Titration Test Method36 and 37Method B. Gravimetric Test Method38 and 39Sodium Sulfate40-43Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl)44-471.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Fatty Alkyl Sulfates

ASTM D5547-95(2003) 原子吸收法测定粉未洗涤剂中的粘土和沸石的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers atomic absorption tests applicable to powdered laundry detergents containing clay and zeolite.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Clay and Zeolite in Powdered Laundry Detergents by Atomic Absorption

ASTM D500-95(2003) 磺化油和硫化油的化学分析和标准试验方法

1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:SectionMoisture:Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent4-9Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method10-14Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:Test Method A. Titration Test15-19Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test20-24Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True Sulfonates)25-28Total Desulfated Fatty Matter29-32Total Active Ingredients33-36Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter37-41Inorganic Salts42-46Total Alkalinity47-49Total Ammonia50-52Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps53-56Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)57-60Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps61-63Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam64-701.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Methods of Chemical Analysis of Sulfonated and Sulfated Oils

ASTM D1172-95(2001) 肥皂和洗涤剂水溶液pH值的标准测试方法

1.1 This guide covers the preparation of aqueous solutions of soaps and detergents and the determination of their pH.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Guide for pH of Aqueous Solutions of Soaps and Detergents

ASTM D3375-95a(2001) 混合粒子层中离子交换材料的柱容量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the regenerated form when used for deionization. It is intended for use in testing unused mixed bed materials and samples of regenerated mixed beds from operating units. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Column Capacity of Particulate Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Materials

ASTM D1290-95(2002) 用离心机测定水乳化抛光剂中沉积物的标准试验方法

This test method determines the amount of sediment in water-emulsion polishes. Sediment is generally believed to have negative effects on water-emulsion polish properties.1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in water-emulsion polishes by means of a centrifuge.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Sediment in Water-Emulsion Polishes by Centrifuge

ASTM D1782-95(2007) 粒状阳离子交换材料使用性能的标准试验方法

Cation exchange materials are frequently used in the sodium form to exchange divalent and trivalent ions in the influent water for sodium ions on the resin sites. This process is commonly referred to as softening water since it removes those ions that form a “hard” curd of insoluble salts with the fatty acids used in some soaps and that also precipitate when water is boiled. In such a process, sodium chloride is used as the regenerant to return the cation-exchanging groups to the sodium form. This test method is intended to simulate the performance of such materials in actual usage. It may be used either to compare the performance of new materials or to compare the performance of a material that has been used with its original performance. Regenerant concentrations and dosages used herein are typical for the types of materials used in this application. If different concentrations or amounts of regenerant are agreed upon by parties using this test method, this fact should be stated when the results are reported. Similarly, the test water specified is the agreed upon standard. Where other test waters or the water to be treated are used in the test, the analysis of the water in terms of total solids, sodium, calcium, magnesium, other di- or trivalent metals as well as the major anions present should be reported with the test results. 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating capacity of particulate cation-exchange materials when used for the removal of calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions from water. It is intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following two test methods are included:

Standard Test Methods for Operating Performance of Particulate Cation-Exchange Materials

ASTM D2687-95(2001) 粒状离子交换材料的取样的标准操作规程

This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material, and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material. Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.DESIG: D 2687 95 (Reapproved 2001) ^TITLE: Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials ^SCOPE: 1.1 These practices cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:SectionsPractice A-Sampling from a Single Package andMultiple Package Lots or Shipments 4 to 10Practice B-Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-ExchangeEquipment Having Unrestricted Head Room 11 to 15Practice C-Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-ExchangeEquipment Having Restricted Head Room 16 to 211.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-Exchange Materials

ASTM D4008-95(2003) 测量洗衣用洗涤剂防污物沉积性的标准试验方法(不适于洗涤剂的分级)

The test as now constituted is not suitable for ranking of detergent products, since no basis is available at this time for correlation of the anti-deposition performance of detergents using any particular combination of soils and fabrics with anti-redeposition performance during washing of naturally soiled articles. A suggested procedure for comparing the performance of any two laundry detergents or naturally soiled family items in home laundry equipment, under controlled conditions on a paired comparison basis, is described in Method D 2960.1.1 This test method provides guidelines for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents (Not Suitable for Detergent Ranking)

ASTM D4921-95(2000) 室温下发动机冷却剂发泡倾向的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method applies to a simple shake test for evaluating the tendency of an aqueous solution of engine coolant to foam at room temperature. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants at Room Temperature

ASTM D2959-95(2003) 聚乙氧基非离子表面活性剂中环氧乙烷含量的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the determination of ethylene oxide in polyethoxylated nonionic surfactants. It can also be used for compounds containing propylene oxide or any compounds (glycols and glycol and polyglycol ethers and esters) which form unstable 1,2-diiodides on reaction with hydriodic acid.Note 18212;Compounds in which the oxyalkylene group is connected to a nitrogen cannot be entirely decomposed. This can be used to determine the percent of an ethoxylated surfactant in a mixture, if the ethylene oxide content of the ethoxylated surfactant is known.Note 28212;This method reports results as percent ethylene oxide. If this method is applied to unknown compounds or compositions, the analyst should be aware of the possible presence of material other than ethylene oxide.Note 38212;For use on built syndet compositions the organic active ingredient must be isolated in accordance with Test Method D 2358.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

Standard Test Method for Ethylene Oxide Content of Polyethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants